When people think of Turkey, Istanbul—steeped in history, culture, and grandeur—is often the first city that comes to mind. However, it is Ankara, equally rich in heritage, that serves as the nation's capital. Known for its Roman ruins and Ottoman-era fortresses, Ankara gracefully blends the ancient with the modern. Visitors can explore iconic landmarks such as Ankara Castle, Anıtkabir, and the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations.

The decision to move the capital to Ankara in 1923, following the establishment of the modern Turkish Republic, was both strategic and symbolic. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the Republic’s founder, saw it as a way to mark a new beginning for the country—administratively, geographically, and ideologically.

So, why was this little Anatolian hamlet deserving of being the political center of a contemporary country? In this Ankara city guide, we will explore the historical, symbolic, and strategic justification of this bold decision.

Ankara's selection as the new capital marked a deliberate break from the Ottoman Empire's legacy. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and the founding leaders of the Turkish Republic saw Istanbul—long the seat of both the Byzantine and Ottoman empires—as too closely tied to the old imperial system. They envisioned Ankara, then a modest town in central Anatolia, as the perfect canvas for building a new national identity. Relocating the capital symbolized a bold embrace of modernity and a rejection of the former imperial order.

Ankara’s central location in Anatolia offered strategic advantages. Unlike Istanbul, which lies on the edge of the country and is more vulnerable to foreign influence, Ankara was inland, easier to defend, and better protected from external threats. During the War of Independence (1919–1923), Ankara served as a vital hub for the nationalist movement. Atatürk recognized that a capital deep in Turkey's heartland would provide a secure, stable base for the new government—far removed from border conflicts and more in tune with the nation's geographic center.

Ankara’s position also brought significant logistical benefits. Well-connected by railway, it allowed for easier communication and coordination across the country—an essential factor for administering a large, diverse nation. The city's central location made it accessible from all regions, reinforcing its practicality as the new seat of government and enabling more efficient governance.

Beyond politics and geography, economic development played a role in Ankara's rise. By moving the capital inland, Atatürk aimed to stimulate growth in the Anatolian heartland and reduce the economic dominance of the coastal regions. Over time, Ankara evolved into a hub of political, industrial, and cultural activity. The shift encouraged more balanced population distribution and infrastructure investment across Turkey.

Ankara became more than just a capital—it became a symbol of the new Turkish Republic. Once a quiet village, it was transformed into a modern city that embodied the ideals of progress, reform, and national unity. Carefully planned architecture, civic spaces, and government buildings reflected the country’s aspirations. Ankara’s transformation into a modern capital city mirrored the broader societal reforms that Atatürk championed during the early years of the Republic.

Despite losing its title as capital, Istanbul has never lost its importance. As Turkey’s largest city, it remains the cultural and economic heartbeat of the country. Its strategic position on the Bosphorus Strait continues to fuel international trade and tourism. With iconic landmarks such as the Blue Mosque, Hagia Sophia, and Galata Tower, Istanbul remains a global destination, renowned for its vibrant mix of Eastern and Western influences and its rich, multilayered history.

Today, Ankara stands as the political and administrative center of Turkey. It is home to the Turkish Grand National Assembly, foreign embassies, and key government institutions. But it’s more than just bureaucracy—it’s a city with charm, depth, and history. From ancient fortresses and Roman remnants to bustling markets and green parks, Ankara offers a unique blend of old and new. Its museums, cultural festivals, and historic architecture make it a destination worth exploring.

We’ve rounded up some of the best places to visit in Ankara that are worth a visit, whether you are local or a seasoned visitor.

Anıtkabir is the mausoleum of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, founder of modern Turkey. Situated on a hill, the grand structure is surrounded by beautifully landscaped gardens. Its impressive colonnades and intricate stonework reflect the solemnity and importance of the site. Inside, a museum details Atatürk’s life, vision, and the pivotal moments that shaped the Republic.

Located near Ankara Castle in the Atpazarı district, this museum is a treasure trove of Turkey’s deep history. Housed in two restored Ottoman buildings, it showcases artifacts from the Paleolithic era to the Byzantine period. Highlights include relics from the Hittite, Phrygian, and Urartian civilizations. Interactive displays bring the country’s ancient past to life for visitors of all ages.

Towering over the city skyline, Kocatepe Mosque is Ankara’s largest and one of the most architecturally striking mosques in the world. Its four minarets and grand dome, soaring 88 meters high, can be seen from many points in the city. Located near Kızılay Square, it’s not only a spiritual center but a must-see landmark for its impressive scale and beauty.

This historic fortress, Ankara Castle, perched high above the city, dates back to the 7th century. It has served various empires, including Roman, Byzantine, Seljuk, and Ottoman. The castle's structure features two main gates and twenty towers, with a mix of architectural styles that tell the story of its layered past. The surrounding area is lined with quaint Ottoman-style homes and artisan shops, perfect for a scenic stroll.

One of Ankara’s most beloved green spaces, Gençlik Park offers beautifully manicured gardens, walking paths, and leisure activities. Families enjoy picnics here, especially on sunny days. The park also features amusement rides, cafés, and nighttime fountain shows illuminated with vibrant lights—making it one of the best spots in Ankara after sunset.

Step back in time at Suluhan Bazaar, one of Ankara’s oldest markets. Located in the Ulus neighborhood, this 500-year-old covered market still preserves its traditional layout. Shops display goods in a charmingly chaotic arrangement—often without price tags—encouraging visitors to haggle, just as in centuries past. The bazaar also boasts cozy cafés and eateries, making it a full cultural experience.

Standing proudly in Ulus Square near Atatürk Boulevard, the Atatürk Statue is a dramatic collection of bronze figures commemorating the Turkish War of Independence. At its center is a commanding equestrian statue of Atatürk himself, surrounded by representations of soldiers and a symbolic figure of Turkish womanhood. It’s not only a tribute to the Republic’s founder but also a powerful piece of national symbolism.